Referencing Styles: APA
- a) Calculate and compare the crude and age-specific incidence rates of prostate cancer per 100,000 men between the two cities. (4 marks)
- b) According to your results in Q1-a, is the comparison of crude rates valid in consideration of the age distributions in the two cities? Why or Why not? (Hint: calculate and compare the age structures of populations in the two cities) (2 marks)
- c) Compute and compare directly standardized incidence rates (per 100,000 men) of prostate cancer in City A and in City B using the given standard population (the shaded column of the table). Discuss the differences in the results of crude and standardized rates between the two cities. (4 marks)
- d) How does the risk of developing prostate cancer vary by age within each of the two cities? (Calculate appropriate measures to quantify the variation). Based on your results, is age a risk factor of prostate cancer for both cities? Interpret your results briefly (3 marks)
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