{"id":1409,"date":"2019-05-01T11:20:47","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T11:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/?p=1409"},"modified":"2020-01-16T20:20:35","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T20:20:35","slug":"health-promotion-methods-for-smoking-prevention-and-cessation-questions-and-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/health-promotion-methods-for-smoking-prevention-and-cessation-questions-and-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"Health Promotion Methods for Smoking Prevention and Cessation | Questions and Answers"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Public Health in Relation to Smoking Prevention<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Content<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Introduction to this health subject<\/li>\n<li>Epidemiology: Why smoking is a public health issue<\/li>\n<li>Public health policy relevant to smoking<\/li>\n<li>The implication of public health policy on community nursing practice: Local and National Initiative<\/li>\n<li>Professional responsibilities according to the Code (NMC 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Conclusion<\/li>\n<li>Reference List<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What is Smoking<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Smoking is the inhale and exhale of smoke from burning cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco (Institute of Medicine (US) committee (2010).<\/li>\n<li>Smoking as a health issue is one of the biggest threat with its impact going beyond direct effect on the individual smoker and their personal health and wellbeing. NHS Digital (2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Smoke Epidemiology<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The leading cause of preventable death<\/li>\n<li>Almost 7 million deaths every year worldwide caused by tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke (WHO, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Around 7.6million of the population in UK smokes (ASH, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Over 7 thousand death in the UK (NHS Digital, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Leading cause of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (NICE, 2013)<\/li>\n<li>474,000 hospital admissions were related to smoking. (NICE, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Smoking costs England \u00a312.9billion annually and NHS estimate of \u00a32.5 billion (ASH, 2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Smoking Mortality<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Globally: Currently death toll of 7million a year expected to rise to 10million a year by 2030<\/li>\n<li>(WHO, 2016; ASH, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Nationally: In 2016 there were 77,900 deaths due to smoking in the UK, a decrease from 79,100 in 2015 and 83,400 in 2006, a reduction of 2% and 7% respectively (Office of National Statistic, 2018; NHS Digital, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>This figure represents 16% of all deaths, thus a decrease from 18% in 2006 and 33% of deaths for conditions caused by smoking (NHS Digital, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Locally: Between 2014 -2016 Manchester had the highest death rate of 499 per 100,000 population followed by Kingston upon Hull with 470 (NHS Digital, 2018)<\/li>\n<li>Lowest death rates were in Harrow and Wokingham and Rutland with a rate of 262, 181 and 184 respectively (NHS Digital, 2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Smoking Prevalence<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Smoking prevalence in England has reduced from 19.8% in 2011 to14.9% in 2017<\/p>\n<p>Public Health England, (2018)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>National Health Policy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Smoke-free generation: tobacco control plan for England (Department of Health, 2017)<\/li>\n<li>Aimed at:<\/li>\n<li>Reduce smoking among adult, young people and pregnant women.<\/li>\n<li>Reduce health inequalities in areas where smoking rates remain high.<\/li>\n<li>Parity to esteem for those with mental health conditions.<\/li>\n<li>The use of evidence-based innovations to support quitting.<\/li>\n<li>Smoke-free England by 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Action to be taken<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Prevention first<\/li>\n<li>Supporting smokers to quit<\/li>\n<li>Eliminating variation in smoking rate<\/li>\n<li>Effective enforcement<\/li>\n<li>Department of Health, (2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Source: Public Health England, 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Implication of Public Health Policy on Community Nursing Practice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Medical&gt;&gt; Empowerment &gt;&gt; Educational &gt;&gt; Social &gt;&gt; Behavior Change<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/order-now.php\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1319 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png\" alt=\"nursing assignment help\" width=\"730\" height=\"150\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png 730w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-360x74.png 360w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 730px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 730\/150;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1319 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png\" alt=\"nursing assignment help\" width=\"730\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png 730w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-360x74.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Local and National<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Medical or Prevention Approach<\/strong>: Smoking cessation services which include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), e-cigarette and drugs, referral to NHS stop smoking service, support individual work through any smoking cessation pattern chosen, monitoring cessation and preventing relapse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Behaviour Change<\/strong>: Motivate and persuade an individual to make changes in their lifestyle for their health. This includes face-to-face\/ group counselling, Stoptober campaign.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Educational<\/strong>: Raise awareness of health implication of smoking through advice, counselling, leaflets, booklets and visual display on the benefit of cessation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Empowerment<\/strong>: Encouraging and working with individual and communities to gain skills and confidence that will change their health.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Social change<\/strong>: Aimed to bring physical, social and economic environment for the positive effect to individuals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Professional Responsibilities to Public Health<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>EARLY INTERVENTION<\/li>\n<li>PREVENTION<\/li>\n<li>HEALTH PROMOTION<\/li>\n<li>INTEGRATED CARE<\/li>\n<li>COMMUNICATION<\/li>\n<li>EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Contact\u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Early intervention- prevention ill-health recognising those most at risk, health promotion and meeting the changing health and care needs of individuals and their communities.<\/li>\n<li>Working in partnership with the patient &#8211; their families and communities using verbal and non-verbal communication means.<\/li>\n<li>Provide integrated care based on best evidence and focused on prevention, health promotion and support self-care.<\/li>\n<li>Support individuals to access relevant health and social care, information and support needed for their health and wellbeing.<\/li>\n<li>To keep up to date of continuing professional development to ensure competence, safety and evidence-based practice<\/li>\n<li>To be culturally sensitive in understanding and responding to the individual&#8217;s personal and health needs<\/li>\n<li>To integrate care through effective communication with colleagues and healthcare professionals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(NMC, 2018)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Tannahill\u2019s Model of Health Promotion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Health Education<\/li>\n<li>Prevention<\/li>\n<li>Health Protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Tannahill&#8217;s, (2009).<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The role of a community nurse is necessary for reducing the prevalence of smoking.<\/li>\n<li>Focuses on early intervention, prevention and health promotion using skills and knowledge to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities<\/li>\n<li>Although smoking rates continued to decline, the harm remains high causing health damage.<\/li>\n<li>Lifestyle choices, behavior change and self-control which promote positive health are essential for smokers to overcome smoking.<\/li>\n<li>Nurses have the responsibility to educate individuals\/communities, be an agent of change and make every contact count.<\/li>\n<li>Smoke-free generation is a change that should be embraced by all and sundry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Action on Smoking and Health (2017) the Economics of Tobacco. Available at: http:\/\/ash.org.uk\/category\/information-and-resources\/fact-sheets\/ (Accessed: 8 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Action on Smoking and Health (2018) Smoking Statistics. Available at: http:\/\/ash.org.uk\/category\/information-and-resources\/fact-sheets\/ (Accessed: 8 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Department of Health (2017). Towards a Smoke-free Generation- A Tobacco Control Plan for England. Available at:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/towards-a-smoke-free- generation-tobacco-control-plan-for-England (Accessed: 31 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Institute of Medicine (US) Committee (2010) Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: making sense of the evidence. National Academies Press (US): Washington (DC)<\/li>\n<li>Naidoo, J.and Wills, J. (2009) Foundations for Health Promotion. Edinburgh: Bailliere Tindall Elsevier<\/li>\n<li>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2013) Smoking: Harm reduction. Available at:<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/search?q+smoking+harm+reduction (Accessed: 04 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Stop Smoking Interventions and Services. Available at: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng92\/chapter\/context (Accessed: 10 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>NHS Digital (2018) Statistics on Smoking \u2013 England 2018. Available at: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and- information\/publications\/statistical\/statistics-on-smoking\/statistics-on-smoking-england-2018\/part-1-smoking- related-ill-health-and-mortality (Accessed: 9 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Nursing and Midwifery Council (2018) The Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates. Available at: https:\/\/www.nmc.org.uk\/globalassets\/sitedocuments\/nmc-publications\/nmc-code.pdf (Accessed: 27 March 2019) .<\/li>\n<li>Office for National Statistic (2018) Adult Smoking Habits in the UK: 2017. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/adult-smoking-habits-in-the-uk-2017 (Accessed: 29 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Public Health England (2018) Turning the tide on tobacco: Smoking in England hits a new low. Available at: https:\/\/publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk\/2018\/07\/03\/turning- the-tide-on-tobacco-smoking-in-England-hits-a-new-low\/ (Accessed: 25 March 2019).<\/li>\n<li>Tannahill, A. (2009) \u2018Health Promotion: the Tannahill model revisited&#8217; Public Health, 123(5), pp. 396-399. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.05.021<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>World Health Organisation (2016) Health Statistics and Information System.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Available at:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/global_burden_disease\/projections\/en\/ (Accessed:29 March 2018).<\/p>\n<p>World Health Organisation (2018) Tobacco. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tobacco (Accessed: 04 March 2019).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Public Health in Relation to Smoking Prevention Content Introduction to this health subject Epidemiology: Why smoking is a public health issue Public health policy relevant to smoking The implication of public health policy on community nursing practice: Local and National Initiative Professional responsibilities according to the Code (NMC 2018) Conclusion Reference List What is Smoking Smoking is the inhale and exhale of smoke from burning cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco (Institute of Medicine (US) committee (2010). Smoking as a health issue is one of the biggest threat with its impact going beyond direct effect on the individual smoker and their <a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/health-promotion-methods-for-smoking-prevention-and-cessation-questions-and-answers\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[515],"tags":[1162,1166,1164,1159,1157,1158,1163,1167,1165,1160,1161],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1409"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1409"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1412,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1409\/revisions\/1412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}