{"id":1326,"date":"2019-04-23T07:09:21","date_gmt":"2019-04-23T07:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/?p=1326"},"modified":"2020-01-16T20:23:09","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T20:23:09","slug":"week-10-empowerment-in-health-and-social-care-assignment-questions-and-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/week-10-empowerment-in-health-and-social-care-assignment-questions-and-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 10 Empowerment in Health and Social Care Assignment Questions and Answers"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Empowerment in Health and Social Care<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>SH4003<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Week 10 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dr Alya Khan<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Empowerment<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The term \u2018empowerment\u2019 is nowadays familiar &amp; frequently used in health &amp; social care<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s used across relevant disciplines: sociology, psychology, politics, health promotion, public administration (Barnes &amp; Bowl, 2001)<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s applied to diverse groups of people: women, ethnic minorities, gay communities, nurses, students, older adults, etc<\/li>\n<li>Some claim that it\u2019s so overused; it has become meaningless (Marland &amp; Marland, 2000)<\/li>\n<li>How should the concept of \u2018empowerment\u2019 be understood?<\/li>\n<li>It has mainly been interpreted in 2 different ways:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Collectivist social action<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Individualistic consumerism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>History:<\/strong> the term originally developed out of US socialist theories of collective consciousness in the 1960s, &amp; then in the UK 1970s progressive social movements around ideas of social action, group unity, &amp; developing a collective \u2018voice\u2019 (Kendall, 1998).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/order-now.php\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1319 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png\" alt=\"nursing assignment help\" width=\"730\" height=\"150\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png 730w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-360x74.png 360w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 730px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 730\/150;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1319 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png\" alt=\"nursing assignment help\" width=\"730\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help.png 730w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/nursing-assignment-help-360x74.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Collectivism &amp; Empowerment<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>USA 1970s movement against mainstream mental health care argued for service-user rights &amp; autonomy<\/li>\n<li>This drew on ideas of power, oppression, collective action &amp; rights, from American civil rights movements (women\u2019s rights, African-Americans, gay liberation)<\/li>\n<li>Carol Gilligan (1993) \u2013 feminist psychology<\/li>\n<li>Promote rights of the oppressed; ideas of self-help, community participation, development (Skelton, 1994)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>1980s\/90s: \u2018empowerment\u2019 was appropriated by \u2018new Right\u2019 politics; i.e. an ideology of consumerism in health &amp; social care (Skelton, 1994)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>This meant seeing \u2018empowerment\u2019 as devolving power from professionals &amp; service managers to individual \u201cconsumers\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>\u2018Patient choice\u2019 \u2013 government policy<\/li>\n<li>Self-care &amp; self-responsibility \u2013 individualistic \u2018empowerment\u2019 NHS: part-privatization, competitive tendering, internal markets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Empowerment in Mental Health<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The concept of empowerment is especially important in mental health &amp; social care, since those experiencing poor mental health have relatively powerlessness<\/li>\n<li>Sufferers often have concurrent poverty &amp; social exclusion (Gomm, 1996)<\/li>\n<li>&amp; experience barriers to access to housing, education, employment, social networks, etc (Dunn, 1999)<\/li>\n<li>Can principles of empowerment help them?<\/li>\n<li>Ideally, policies built on the ideal of \u2018empowerment\u2019 will have concrete positive effects on the lives of those experiencing mental ill health<\/li>\n<li>However, in practice the provision has been patchy<\/li>\n<li>This is because interpretations of \u2018empowerment\u2019 within theories and policies differ &amp; are debated<\/li>\n<li>There\u2019s no firm agreement on what \u2018empowerment\u2019 is exactly &amp; how it should be implemented<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Different Theories of Power<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>To understand \u2018empowerment\u2019, the idea of POWER must be understood<\/li>\n<li>Healthcare professionals need a grasp of theories of power, but historically have not addressed this much<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWithout a clear conceptualization of the concept of power it is difficult to convincingly argue that one form of practice is more or less empowering than another.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Gilbert, 1999)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In social theory there are different models of power:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Max Weber\u2019s theory: power can be possessed, so it can be grabbed or given. In health &amp; social care, service providers must give over some of their power to service users.<\/p>\n<p>Steven Lukes theory: power has different \u2018faces\u2019, &amp; can be hidden. In health &amp; social care, hidden forms of power in relationships must be uncovered. E.g. roles of \u201cexpert\u201d in relation to \u201cpatient\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Foucault\u2019s theory: certain \u2018discourses\u2019 of what is \u2018true\u2019 dominate society. These \u2018normalise\u2019 certain \u2018disciplining\u2019 practices, which control &amp; order society. In health &amp; social care, people who deviate from norms are subject to disempowering forms of control (e.g. psychiatric practices). The discourses must be challenged.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Social Inequalities<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>What about social inequalities? How are these related to empowerment practices?<\/li>\n<li>\u201cBut how can mentally ill people living in severe and perpetual poverty or homelessness be empowered in reality?\u201d (Morrall, 1996)<\/li>\n<li>Fair distribution of resources. Reducing poverty &amp; wealth inequality to result in a reduction of mental ill health<\/li>\n<li>Health Promotion ideals (Rogers &amp; Pilgrim, 2003)<\/li>\n<li>WHO &amp; OECD \u2013 a focus on poverty reduction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The \u2018Empowerment\u2019 Debate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The debate about interpretation of the concept continues<\/li>\n<li>How you understand \u2018empowerment\u2019 directly affects the policies &amp; practices you will develop &amp; promote<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You decide:<\/p>\n<p>Should we focus on empowering individuals?<\/p>\n<p>OR<\/p>\n<p>The collective empowerment of groups<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Empowering individuals: usually understood at the psychological level<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>e.g. foster positive relationships between doctor &amp; patient; have more individual \u2018patients\u2019 rights\u2019; communication<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Empowering collectives: usually understood at the socio-structural level<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>e.g. allocate resources in a fair way; anti-discrimination laws; grassroots communal action (patients\u2019 groups)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">References:<\/h3>\n<p>Barnes &amp; Bowl (2001), Taking over the Asylum: Empowerment &amp; Mental Health, Macmillan Press<\/p>\n<p>Dunn (1996), Creating Accepting Communities: Report of the Mind Enquiry into Mental Health &amp; Social Exclusion, London: Mind<\/p>\n<p>Gilligan, C. (1993), In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory &amp; Women\u2019s Development, Harvard University Press<\/p>\n<p>Marland &amp; Marland (2000), Power dressing\u2026empowerment, Nursing Times, 96, pp2-8<\/p>\n<p>Kendall (1998), Health &amp; Empowerment: Research &amp; Practice, (pp. 1 \u2013 7) London: Arnold<\/p>\n<p>Skelton (1994), Nursing &amp; Empowerment: Concepts &amp; Strategies, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19 (pp. 415\u2014423)<\/p>\n<p>Gilbert (1999), Nursing: Empowerment &amp; the Problem of Power<\/p>\n<p>Gomm (1999), Mental Health Matters: A Reader, Ch14 (pp.110-120), Macmillan Press<\/p>\n<p>Weber, M., various works \u2013 e.g. (2010), \u201cThe distribution of power within the community: classes, stande, parties\u201d ,(trans. Waters, D., et el), Journal of Classical Sociology, 137<\/p>\n<p>Lukes, S. (1974), Power: A Radical View, Macmillan Press<\/p>\n<p>Foucault, M. (1981), The History of Sexuality, Harmondswoth (pp. 92-102)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>AssignmentTask.Com: Empowerment in Health and Social Care is a term that relates to services that are available from health and social care providers in the UK, USA and Australia. We Provide <a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/nursing\/\"><strong>Nursing Assignment<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/nursing\/nursing-case-study-assignment-help.html\"><strong>Nursing Case Study Help<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/blog\/get-expert-help-with-your-medical-assignment-subjects\/\"><strong>Medical Assignment report<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/health-and-social-care-policies-guidance-for-sh4001-assessment-2\/\"><strong>Healthcare &amp; Social Care<\/strong><\/a> and etc..<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Empowerment in Health and Social Care SH4003 Week 10 Dr Alya Khan &nbsp; Empowerment The term \u2018empowerment\u2019 is nowadays familiar &amp; frequently used in health &amp; social care It\u2019s used across relevant disciplines: sociology, psychology, politics, health promotion, public administration (Barnes &amp; Bowl, 2001) It\u2019s applied to diverse groups of people: women, ethnic minorities, gay communities, nurses, students, older adults, etc Some claim that it\u2019s so overused; it has become meaningless (Marland &amp; Marland, 2000) How should the concept of \u2018empowerment\u2019 be understood? It has mainly been interpreted in 2 different ways: &nbsp; Collectivist social action Individualistic consumerism \u00a0 History: <a href=\"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/week-10-empowerment-in-health-and-social-care-assignment-questions-and-answers\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[515,116],"tags":[930,935,937,936,933,932,535,931,536,538,879,934],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1326"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1327,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assignmenttask.com\/answers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}